Common Symptoms

• Increased thirst and frequent urination.
• Extreme fatigue and unexplained weight changes.
• Blurred vision and slow-healing wounds.
• Numbness or tingling in hands or feet (neuropathy).

If you notice these signs, consult a healthcare provider for testing (blood glucose or HbA1c).

Causes & Risk Factors

• Type 1 diabetes: autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells.
• Type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance often linked to obesity, inactivity, or family history.^[2]
• Gestational diabetes: hormonal changes during pregnancy.
• Other risk factors: high blood pressure, unhealthy diet, and age.

Diagnosis

• Fasting blood glucose test.
• Oral glucose tolerance test.
• HbA1c test (average blood sugar over 2–3 months).
• Regular checkups for complications such as eye, kidney, and nerve damage.

Treatment & Management

Key point: Diabetes cannot always be cured, but proper treatment can prevent serious complications.^[1]

Main strategies

• Lifestyle changes: healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight management.
• Medications: insulin for Type 1 or some Type 2, oral glucose-lowering medications for Type 2.^[2]
• Monitoring blood glucose regularly at home or via continuous glucose monitors.
• Routine screenings for complications (eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular system, nerves).

Living Well with Diabetes

• Follow your medication and monitoring plan.
• Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fiber, and low in added sugars.
• Stay active and maintain a healthy weight.
• Manage stress and get regular sleep.

When to Seek Medical Help

Seek urgent care if you experience very high blood sugar, confusion, extreme thirst, vomiting, or signs of hypoglycemia. For routine concerns, schedule regular appointments with your doctor.

Frequently Asked Questions